Table 3 Stimulation waveform and amplitudes delivered in the clinical and preclinical studies of VNS that we modeled

Human

(Dawson et al. 2021):

Vivistim System IPG

Biphasic pulses, first phase rectangular

0.1 ms/phase

0.8 mA

(Sivaji et al. 2019):

ReStore IPG

Rectangular biphasic pulses

0.1 ms/phase

0.8 mA

(Koopman et al. 2016):

Cyberonics IPG (now LivaNova)

Biphasic pulses, first phase rectangular

0.5 ms/phase

1 mA

(Genovese et al. 2020):

SetPoint IPG

Rectangular biphasic pulses

0.25 ms/phase

1.52 mA (mean)

(Premchand et al. 2014):

LivaNova IPG

Biphasic pulses, first phase rectangular

0.25 ms/phase

1.5–3 mA

Rat

(Porter et al. 2012):

Pulse generator not reported

Rectangular biphasic pulses

0.1 ms/phase

0.8 mA

(Kin et al. 2021):

SAS-200 (Unique Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)

Rectangular biphasic pulses

0.5 ms/phase

0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mA

(Li et al. 2019):

ISE1000SA, Unimec Inc., Tokyo, Japan)

Rectangular biphasic pulses

0.2 ms/phase

0.1, 0.13 mA