Fig. 2

Reprinted and modified from Huffman et al., 2019. Top left panel: Lipopolysacchirde (LPS) was administered after mice received 30 min of percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Mice were sacrificed for histology 24 h later. Bottom left panel, while microglial were largely activated after LPS administration (middle sub-panel), when VNS preceded LPS administration microglial morphology (right sub-panel) resembled that of naïve microglia (left sub-panel). Right panel: the combination of LPS and VNS largely rescued the microglial activation resulting from LPS administration